中世 refers to the Middle Ages, a historical period in Europe that lasted from the 5th to the late 15th century. This era is characterized by the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of feudalism, where society was structured around land ownership and the relationships between lords and vassals. During the 中世, significant developments occurred in art, architecture, and philosophy. The construction of grand cathedrals, such as Notre-Dame, and the emergence of universities marked this time. Additionally, the period saw the influence of the Catholic Church in daily life and governance, shaping the cultural landscape of Europe.