ヘンリー・デイヴィッド・ソロー was an American writer, philosopher, and naturalist born on July 12, 1817, in Concord, Massachusetts. He is best known for his book ウォールデン, which reflects on simple living in natural surroundings. This work is a cornerstone of American literature and transcendentalism, emphasizing self-reliance and a deep connection to nature. In addition to his writing, ソロー was an advocate for social reform and civil disobedience. His essay, 市民的不服従, argues for individual resistance to unjust laws, influencing future leaders like マハトマ・ガンディー and マーチン・ルーサー・キング・ジュニア. He passed away on May 6, 1862, leaving a lasting legacy in environmentalism and social justice.