The `<stdexcept>` header in C++ provides a set of standard exception classes that are used to handle errors in a program. These exceptions are derived from the base class `std::exception` and include specific types like `std::runtime_error`, `std::logic_error`, and `std::out_of_range`. Each class is designed to represent different error conditions, making it easier for developers to manage and respond to various issues that may arise during program execution. Using exceptions from `<stdexcept>` allows for clearer error handling in C++ applications. When an error occurs, a specific exception can be thrown, which can then be caught and processed in a controlled manner. This approach helps maintain program stability and provides meaningful feedback to users or developers about what went wrong, improving overall code quality and reliability.