$manufacturing refers to the process of converting raw materials into finished products. This can involve various techniques, such as assembling parts, shaping materials, and applying finishes. Industries like automotive, electronics, and textiles rely heavily on manufacturing to create goods that consumers use every day. In recent years, advancements in technology have transformed $manufacturing. Automation and robotics have increased efficiency, while 3D printing allows for rapid prototyping and customization. These innovations not only improve production speed but also reduce waste, making manufacturing more sustainable and cost-effective for businesses and consumers alike.